FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT FEBRUARY 2007: I took lead edits on this story and wrote the intro, and NYC loved the piece.

By Zhoumin, Huang Guangbin, Huang Xiaoyin (Beijing), Megan Shank (Shanghai)
Newsweek Select February 2007

Recent years have defined China as a powerful world player, but how can the nation evolve into an equitable, lawful and innovative global leader? Newsweek Select asked 10 experts in the fields of science, technology, law and education to assess the challenges the country faces and to offer some solutions. From abolishing capital punishment to establishing capital risk investment mentoring programs, they weighed in. How could a standardized system improve e-commerce? Who should take the lead in establishing a corporate governance structure? Some wanted the government to be more involved in development, while others called for privatization. But all agreed there is a lot of work to be done. Excerpts:

Only through abolishing the death penalty can this chain of violent culture be broken.

Zhou Xiaozheng Sociologist and Renmin University of China Professor

As we construct a harmonious society, all irrational social phenomena handed down to us by previous generations, including the culture of violence, must be reformed. The death penalty is one such example. Although China promised to abolish the death penalty with its 1998 signing of the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, it has yet to abandon capital punishment. However, beginning January 1, 2007, the Supreme People’s Court will take back the power previously delegated to provincial courts to approve all death sentences. Additionally, inspired by the nearing 2008 Olympics, China has put forth the idea of the “humanistic Olympics” with the ultimate hope that in 2008 the country can fulfill its international promise to abolish the death penalty. Cautious or reduced application of, or even the elimination of, the death penalty is a huge step for society and marks the return of a law-based culture that values human life. If a child is born into society and becomes a criminal, society bears a large responsibility. Bad superiors produce bad subordinates, and corrupt officials and tricky people are two sides of the same coin. The idea that “a chaotic world needs harsh punishments” is absolutely absurd. The government is simply repeating the criminal’s mistake, layering mistake upon mistake. Only through abolishing the death penalty can this chain of violent culture be broken, the most basic respect of life realized and humanism expressed. A harmonious culture is the foundation of a harmonious society. Thus, the abolishment of the death penalty is not only the most fundamental step in the building of a harmonious society, it will also do great measure toward promoting that society. Of course, once the death penalty is abolished, the most heinous of criminals should receive life sentences with no opportunity for parole. In addition, research into these criminal’s motives will provide significant benefits in crime prevention.

Reduce the government’s influence on bank administration and establish a highly effective corporate governance framework.

Guo Tianyong Director of the Central University of Finance and Economics’ Chinese Banking Industry Research Center

With the opening of the Chinese banking system on December 11, 2006, the question of how to establish and perfect an international standard framework of corporate governance will prove to be the key as to whether or not Chinese banks will be able to establish a foothold in direct, open competition with foreign banks. First, we must change the government’s previous method of “recommending” the directors of state banks. Although many of these directors are retired People’s Bank of China department-level leaders with abundant experience and capability, this system’s arrangement provides a small range of choices. We must adopt full market methodology, recruiting a diversity of outstanding bankers from across the globe. In addition, we must make fundamental changes to policy mechanisms, going from “boss knows best” to a corporate governance mechanism where the “Board of Directors” makes policy. Only a board of directors can truly lead from a market management perspective. There are other necessary reforms too. The government should be restrained from over-involvement in bank operations. Gradually phasing the bank’s administrative ranks to prevent undue influence is also essential.

Only by relying on industry and being guided by its needs can we truly connect with the world.

Ding Qiang Ministry of Commerce APEC Asia-Pacific E-Commerce Alliance Chairman

International e-commerce is by no means just a business transaction between two trading partners– it also involves dozens of organizations and departments, including commerce, customs, quality inspection, banking, insurance, and transport in two locales. It is a complex process riddled with minute details. Thus, in order to achieve efficient international data exchange and transmission, we must have common professional standards and data sharing mechanisms. Currently, although state standardization bodies are tirelessly carrying out standardization work, in their focus on updating electronic documents they are ignoring the practical requirements that drive the industry. So-called “synergism” must be built upon a standardized language, and must rely on the industry and be guided by industry needs. Thus, we must make practical use of the XML electronic document format, which is commonly used internationally, and make real efforts to learn from the results of related international organizations. By doing this, China can finally put all of its effort into effectively promoting standardization in areas such as data unification between different departments, data security protection, and electronic signatures, and formulating an e-commerce plan that will truly connect China with the rest of the world.

Focus on waste, promote conservation, and start from the bottom up in handling the energy crunch.

Mo Zhilu Executive Director of the China Energy Conservation Association, Winner of the 10 Management Innovation Award for the Asian Young Chinese Business People

From the time of its liberalization reforms to today, China has promoted a pattern of extensive growth that requires a great degree of resources. Consequently, China’s energy, fresh water, land, and mineral resources have become insufficient. The conflict between demand and the reality of actual supply is becoming ever more apparent. For example, the products produced by eight of China’s high energy consumption industries – including iron, nonferrous metals, electricity, and chemical engineering – consume an average of 40% more energy than the world leaders in their fields. In addition, despite China’s energetic proposals to build an energy conserving society, the promotion of energy conservation by related industries and government departments on all levels is not far reaching enough. Serious waste is a common occurrence in public service domains. In one medium-sized city, for example, streetlights and so-called “light engineering” consumed 50 million RMB in power over the course of a year. If energy saving products had been used instead, at least 25% of the cost could have been saved–in this case 12.5 million RMB, a considerable savings. To effectively solve the energy crunch, China needs to start from the bottom up. Government on every level must, in addition to paying close attention to any possible waste of resources, actively encourage industries to combine their strengths. The government should also conduct wide-ranging research on sustainable and effective conservation measures and encourage the population to adopt energy saving lifestyles.

True and meaningful non-governmental organizations can only exist if the government abandons its strict control of the NGO registration policy.

Mao Yushi Chairman of the Board of the Unirule Institute of Economics

In China, there is a great demand for NGOs in fields such as economics, culture and technology. But the strict regulation that stipulates “NGOs must be affiliated with a governmental department to register” is a large obstacle to the development of NGOs. The presence of the government can be felt throughout, so on a certain level, it runs contrary to the founding principle behind NGOs. Additionally, many small, spontaneous and undeniably effective civil groups operating without legal standing are placed in an awkward position. Within the current system, reforming the stipulation that NGOs must be affiliated with a governmental department to register will be a slow and lengthy process. But it must be done for China to have true NGOs that can make greater contributions to Chinese society. Not all NGOs are “good,” but NGOs should provide a means for people to have a fair and equal dialogue with each other.

In regards to policy regarding the arts, the government should replace subsidies with awards.

Wu Guanzhong Member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference; Tsinghua University, Professor of Art

Today, as demonstrated by the appearance of thousands of art museums, art associations, art academies, galleries and painters, China’s economic and material conditions are better than ever before. But outstanding painters have yet to appear. Many painters look down on art associations, but will use the associations to exhibit their works and raise their professional standing. Associations are far removed from art research and have become a covert yamen. Monopolization of the power to evaluate art influences the direction in which art and literature develop. The association should be a civilian group for the arts that explains different artistic perspectives through a comparison of notes and embodies the idea of “let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought strive (let the arts have free expression).” Therefore, as for policies regarding the arts, it is inadvisable for the government to continue subsidizing the arts. Instead, the government should replace its subsidies with prizes and reallocate subsidy funds as prize money, thereby encouraging outstanding artistic works and talented artists.

Schools and companies should work hand-in-hand to develop outstanding capital managers.

Zhang Fan Founding Partner of Sequoia Capital China

Being able to “smell an opportunity” is an inherent trait in capitalists. The rapid development of China’s venture capital industry over the last few years has certainly attracted a number of foreign investors. However some projects lack specialized individuals with experience in local operations and capital management. Consequently errors in strategy appear. This affects investors’ confidence and shows that China’s venture capital industry’s talent cannot match the scope of the market’s capital investment development demands, which creates a bottleneck. Considering the course of international venture capital development, it’s clear that talented people cannot be trained overnight. The United States and other countries follow an apprentice model, which calls for seven to eight years to train a new generation of outstanding managers. China began practicing this same process a few years, so it is expected to be a difficult problem to solve in the short term. We can only rely upon those managers who have returned from overseas with abundant experience. Graduates with degrees in finance from all domestic universities are an important part of this foundation of talent and can be developed into a reserve of venture capital management strength. However, to create a long-term solution to this bottleneck, universities must establish venture capital investment majors as soon as possible, and the industry should provide teaching, assistance, and leadership support. Only this can effectively provide China with outstanding capital managers who both understand the local situation and are well versed in investment. Following this we can take steps to develop and spur foreign interest in China’s venture capital market.

The only way to break through the current bottleneck is to push for more products and services and to work closely with network operators.

Deng Yuqiang Chief Executive Officer of 3G.CN

Wireless network information services are the most important component of the 3G industry. The market here is completely unlike the market abroad. Right now, the base number of users of most of the wireless network platforms (or independent WAP platforms) is pretty low, and products and services are only used out of interest and curiosity. There is no clear business model to make a profit in the near future. To change this situation, industry members must work closely with internet operators, as well as promote relevant 3G products such as streaming media, video and audio messages, mailboxes and games. They must also try different payment methods for subscribers such as electronic banking, telephone deposit and branch office payments. They must also place more wireless network advertisements. Only by doing this can the industry break through the bottleneck of limited subscribers and the current business model.

Support the business and allow more people to participate in the research and production of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Jiang Linkui President of Harbin Pharmaceutical Group

A well-established part of our national heritage with 5,000 years’ history, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been proven scientifically effective through practical use. However, many companies’ low technical standards and production methods negatively influence TCM’s newly undertaken modernization. In order to effectively promote the modernization process, state supervisory departments need to not only strengthen investigations of those companies that lack scientific research and production capabilities, but also need to support companies from across the nation that possess strong capabilities. This will allow more people to participate in the research and production of Chinese medicine. Industry groups should also actively participate in every region’s TCM modernization through the establishment of specialist committees and the strict adherence to national document authentication standards. They should also increase the industry’s entry threshold and promote its healthy development by increasing self-discipline among professionals. Additionally, industry professionals should further improve material selection, production, quality control, transportation and storage aspects and proactively introduce foreign production and quality control techniques. The use of international-standard advanced anti-counterfeit measures can also create a sense of responsibility and help engender a feeling of trust among people toward Chinese medicine.

改进中国的10个主意
撰文／周敏、黄光斌、黄小燕（北京） è¿‘å‡ å¹´æ¥ï¼Œä¸­å›½è¢«è®¤å®šæ˜¯ä¸–ç•Œçš„ä¸€ä¸ªå¼ºå¤§å‚ä¸Žè€…ã€‚ä½†è¿™ä¸ªå›½å®¶å¦‚ä½•æ‰èƒ½æ¼”å˜æˆç‚ºä¸€ä¸ªå…¬å¹³ã€æ³•æ²»ã€åˆ›æ–°çš„å…¨çƒé¢†å¯¼è€…ï¼Ÿã€Šæ–°é—»å‘¨åˆŠã€€ä¸­æ–‡æœˆåˆŠã€‹é‚€è«‹äº†10ä½ç§‘å­¦ã€æŠ€æœ¯ã€æ³•å¾‹ã€æ•™è‚²ç­‰é ˜åŸŸçš„ä¸“å®¶ï¼Œè¯·ä»–ä»¬è¯„è¿°è¿™ä¸ªå›½å®¶æ‰€é¢ä¸´çš„æŒ‘æˆ˜å¹¶æå‡ºåº”å¯¹ä¹‹ç­–ã€‚ä»ŽåºŸé™¤æ­»åˆ‘åˆ°å»ºç«‹èµ„æœ¬é£Žé™©æŠ•èµ„æ•™è‚²é¡¹ç›®ï¼Œä»–ä»¬æœ‰ç†æœ‰æ®åœ°é˜è¿°äº†è‡ªå·±çš„è§‚ç‚¹ã€‚ä¸€ä¸ªæ ‡å‡†åŒ–ç³»ç»Ÿå¦‚ä½•æ”¹å˜ç”µå­å•†åŠ¡ï¼Ÿè°åº”è¯¥åœ¨å»ºç«‹å…¬å¸ç›‘ç®¡ç»“æž„ä¸­æ‰®æ¼”é¢†å¯¼è€…çš„è§’è‰²ï¼Ÿæœ‰äººå¸Œæœ›æ”¿åºœèƒ½å¤Ÿæ›´åŠ ç§¯æžåœ°å‚ä¸Žå‘å±•ï¼Œå…¶ä»–äººåˆ™å‘¼åç§æœ‰åŒ–ã€‚ä¸ç®¡å¦‚ä½•ï¼Œ10位专家一致认为要走的路还很长。
废除死刑以切断暴力文化的链条。
周孝正 社会学家、中国人民大学教授 在构建和谐社会的大背景下，各种历史遗留下来的不尽合理的社会现象亟需进行革新。其中”暴力文化”å°±æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªæ–¹é¢ã€‚ä»¥æ­»åˆ‘æ ¸å‡†ä¸ºä¾‹ï¼Œä¸­å›½è™½åœ¨1998年签署了联合国保护人权的 B 公约，承诺将会废除死刑，然而到目前还没有实施。不过，从今年1月1æ—¥å¼€å§‹ï¼Œæœ€é«˜äººæ°‘æ³•é™¢æ”¶å›žäº†ä¸‹æ”¾åˆ°å„çœäººæ°‘æ³•é™¢çš„æ­»åˆ‘æ ¸å‡†æƒã€‚æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œ2008年奥运会将至，国家也提出”人文奥运”的口号，并希望能够在2008年的时候，履行对国际社会的承诺废除死刑。 慎杀或少杀甚至不杀，这是社会的极大进步，是法文化、以人为本精神的回归。一个孩子来到社会最后变成了罪犯，社会也有很大的责任。所谓上梁不正下梁歪，贪官和刁民是一个硬币的两面。”乱世用重典”ï¼Œç®€ç›´å°±æ˜¯ä¸€æ´¾èƒ¡è¨€ã€‚æ”¿åºœåªæ˜¯åœ¨é‡å¤ç½ªçŠ¯çš„é”™è¯¯ï¼Œé”™ä¸ŠåŠ é”™ã€‚åªæœ‰åºŸé™¤æ­»åˆ‘ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½åˆ‡æ–­æš´åŠ›æ–‡åŒ–çš„é“¾æ¡ã€ä½“çŽ°å¯¹ç”Ÿå‘½æœ€åŸºæœ¬çš„å°Šæ•¬ã€ä½“çŽ°å¯¹ç¤¾ä¼šä¸ªä½“çš„äººæ–‡å…³æ€€ã€‚å’Œè°æ–‡åŒ–æ˜¯å’Œè°ç¤¾ä¼šçš„åŸºç¡€ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼ŒåºŸé™¤æ­»åˆ‘ä¸å•æ˜¯æž„å»ºå’Œè°ç¤¾ä¼šæœ€åŸºç¡€æ€§çš„å·¥ä½œï¼Œå®ƒå¯¹æž„å»ºå’Œè°ç¤¾ä¼šä¹Ÿèµ·ç€ç§¯æžçš„æŽ¨åŠ¨ä½œç”¨ã€‚ å½“ç„¶äº†ï¼ŒåºŸé™¤æ­»åˆ‘ä¹‹åŽï¼Œè¿™äº›åæ¶ä¸èµ¦çš„ç½ªçŠ¯åº”å—ç»ˆç”Ÿç›‘ç¦ä¸å¾—ä¿é‡Šã€‚æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œç ”ç©¶è¿™äº›ç½ªçŠ¯çš„å¿ƒè·¯åŽ†ç¨‹ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯¹çŠ¯ç½ªçš„é¢„é˜²åšå‡ºä¸€å®šçš„è´¡çŒ®ã€‚
淡化政府在银行中的行政色彩，建立高效的公司治理结构。
郭田勇 ä¸­å¤®è´¢ç»å¤§å­¦ä¸­å›½é“¶è¡Œä¸šç ”ç©¶ä¸­å¿ƒä¸»ä»» 随着中国银行业于去年12月11日全面开放，如何建立并完善国际通行的高效公司治理结构，已成为中国银业未来能否在与外资银行的直接、正面竞争中取得立足之地的关键。 首先，我们必须更改之前政府向国有银行”定向推荐”董事的方式。尽管这些人员多是央行局级的退休领导，而且也具有丰富的经验和能力。但这仍然是体制内的一种安排，选择范围也小。我们必须采取完全市场化的方式，向全球”公开选拔”æ‹›å‹Ÿå„ç§ä¼˜ç§€çš„é“¶è¡Œå®¶åŠ ç›Ÿã€‚å¦å¤–ä¹Ÿè¦åœ¨å†³ç­–æœºåˆ¶ä¸Šä½œå‡ºæœ¬è´¨æ€§çš„å˜åŒ–ï¼Œç”±ä»¥å¾€”领导拍脑子”改为”董事会”å†³ç­–çš„å…¬å¸æ²»ç†æœºåˆ¶ã€‚è¿™æ ·”董事会”才能从市场化的经营角度，真正起到主导性的作用。 逐步过渡并取消银行的行政级别，甚至淡化银行的行政色彩，通过机制来约束政府在银行经营中的行政干预等，这些都是中国银行行政管理体制势在必行的改革。

ä»¥è¡Œä¸šä¸ºä¾æ‰˜ã€ä»¥éœ€æ±‚ä¸ºå¯¼å‘ï¼Œè¿™æ ·æ‰èƒ½çœŸæ­£ä¸Žå›½é™…æŽ¥è½¨ã€‚
丁强 商务部APEC亚太电子商务联盟主席 å›½é™…é—´çš„ç”µå­å•†åŠ¡æ´»åŠ¨å¹¶ä¸ä»…é™äºŽä¸¤ä¸ªè´¸æ˜“ä¼™ä¼´ä¹‹é—´çš„å•†ä¸šäº¤å¾€ï¼Œå®ƒè¿˜æ¶‰åŠåˆ°ä¸¤åœ°çš„å•†åŠ¡éƒ¨ã€æµ·å…³ã€è´¨æ£€ã€é“¶è¡Œã€ä¿é™©ã€è¿è¾“ç­‰å‡ åä¸ªæœºæž„å’Œéƒ¨é—¨ï¼Œæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªç¹çä¸”å¤æ‚çš„è¿‡ç¨‹ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œè¦æœ‰æ•ˆçš„å®žçŽ°å›½é™…æ•°æ®äº¤æ¢ä¸Žä¼ è¾“ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬å¿…éœ€è¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå…±åŒçš„ä¸šåŠ¡æ ‡å‡†å’Œæ•°æ®å…±äº«æœºåˆ¶ã€‚ ç›®å‰ï¼Œå°½ç®¡å›½å®¶çš„æ ‡å‡†åŒ–æœºæž„ä¸€ç›´ä¸æ‡ˆçš„è¿›è¡Œæ ‡å‡†åŒ–çš„åˆ¶å®šå·¥ä½œï¼Œä½†å®ƒä»¬å´å¤šç€çœ¼äºŽç”µå­å•è¯çš„æ›´æ–°ä¸Šï¼Œè€Œå¿½ç•¥äº†ä¸šåŠ¡é©±åŠ¨çš„å®žé™…éœ€æ±‚ã€‚æ‰€è°“çš„”协同”必须以”æ ‡å‡†”åŒ–çš„è¯­è¨€ä¸ºåŸºç¡€ï¼Œå¹¶ä»¥è¡Œä¸šä¸ºä¾æ‰˜ã€ä»¥éœ€æ±‚ä¸ºå¯¼å‘ã€‚å› æ­¤æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»åœ¨å®žè·µåº”ç”¨ä¸­é‡‡çº³å›½é™…é€šè¡Œçš„XMLç”µå­å•è¯æ ¼å¼ï¼Œå¹¶è®¤çœŸåœ°å€Ÿé‰´ç›¸å…³å›½é™…ç»„ç»‡çš„æˆæžœã€‚è¿™æ ·å›½å®¶æ—¥åŽæ‰èƒ½å¤Ÿå…¨åŠ›æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°æŽ¨è¿›ä¸åŒéƒ¨é—¨ä¹‹é—´çš„æ•°æ®ç»Ÿä¸€ã€æ•°æ®å®‰å…¨ä¿æŠ¤å’Œç”µå­ç­¾åç­‰ç›¸å…³æ ‡å‡†åŒ–å·¥ä½œï¼Œå’Œåˆ¶å®šå‡ºèƒ½å¤Ÿä¸Žå›½é™…çœŸæ­£æŽ¥è½¨çš„ç”µå­å•†åŠ¡æ–¹æ¡ˆã€‚

æ­£è§†æµªè´¹åŠç§¯æžæŽ¨å¹¿èŠ‚èƒ½ï¼Œä»Žæ ¹æœ¬ä¸Šå¤„ç†èƒ½æºç´§å¼ é—®é¢˜ã€‚

莫志禄 中国节能协会常务理事、亚洲青年华商十大管理创新奖得主 中国自开放改革而来，至今仍然维持着粗放型的增长方式，并在相当程度上依赖资源的高投入来予以实现，导致国家在能源、淡水、土地、矿产等资源上出现不足，且矛盾越来越突出。 举例来说，中国的钢铁、有色、电力、化工等8个高耗能行业，他们的单位产品能耗，便比世界先进水平的同类行业平均高40％以上。另外，尽管近两年来国家大力倡导构建节约型社会，但是，各级政府部门以及各个相关行业在推进节能工作上还是不够深入。像诸如路灯以及所谓的”亮光工程”等公共服务领域，便普遍存在着严重的浪费现象。以一个中等城市为例，路灯和”亮光工程”一年的耗电费用便达到5,000万元人民币（这里指浪费掉，还是用电量？）。其实，只要用上节电产品，我们则至少可以省下四分之一的支出，即1,250万元人民币。这可算是一笔可观的金钱。 æ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œè¦æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°è§£å†³ä¸­å›½èƒ½æºç´§å¼ çš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»ä»Žæ ¹æœ¬ä¸Šä½œå‡ºæ”¹å˜ã€‚ä¸­å›½å„çº§æ”¿åºœé™¤åº”å¯¹å„ç§æµªè´¹çŽ°è±¡äºˆä»¥é«˜åº¦é‡è§†ä¹‹å¤–ï¼Œä¹Ÿåº”ç§¯æžé¼“åŠ±å„ä¸ªè¡Œä¸šç»“åˆè‡ªèº«ç‰¹ç‚¹ï¼Œå¹¿æ³›åœ°ç ”å‘æŒç»­æœ‰æ•ˆçš„èŠ‚èƒ½æŽªæ–½ã€‚å¹¶åœ¨å¸‚æ°‘é—´æŽ¨å¹¿èŠ‚èƒ½çš„ä¼˜è‰¯ç”Ÿæ´»ä¹ æƒ¯ã€‚
æ”¾å¼ƒå¯¹éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡æ³¨å†Œåˆ¶åº¦çš„ä¸¥æ ¼æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½æœ‰çœŸæ­£æ„ä¹‰ä¸Šçš„éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡ã€‚
茅于轼 å¤©åˆ™ç»æµŽç ”ç©¶æ‰€æ‰€é•¿ 今天，中国在经济、文化、科教等各领域上对非政府组织的需求很大。然而，”éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡å¿…é¡»æŒ‚é ä¸€ä¸ªéƒ¨çº§æ”¿åºœå•ä½æ‰èƒ½æ³¨å†Œ”çš„ä¸¥æ ¼æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå´ç»™éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡çš„å‘å±•å¸¦æ¥å¾ˆå¤§çš„éšœç¢ï¼Œè€Œä¸”æµ“åŽšçš„æ”¿åºœèƒŒæ™¯è¿˜æ˜¯ä»ŽæŸç§ç¨‹åº¦ä¸Šè¿èƒŒäº†éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡ç†å¿µçš„æœ¬åŽŸã€‚æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽä¸€å¤§æ‰¹æºäºŽæ°‘é—´çš„å°åž‹è‡ªå‘ç»„ç»‡ï¼Œå°½ç®¡å®ƒä»¬ä¹Ÿåœ¨å‘æŒ¥ä¸å¯å¿½è§†çš„ä½œç”¨ï¼Œä½†å´å› ä¸ºæ²¡æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªåˆæ³•çš„èº«ä»½è€Œå¤„äºŽå°´å°¬çš„å¢ƒåœ°ã€‚ åœ¨å½“å‰çš„ä½“åˆ¶ä¸‹ï¼Œå°½ç®¡æ”¹é©éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡å¿…é¡»æŒ‚é æ”¿åºœå•ä½æ‰èƒ½æ³¨å†Œçš„åšæ³•çš„è¿‡ç¨‹å¯èƒ½ä¼šå¾ˆæ¼«é•¿ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯åªæœ‰è¿™æ ·åšï¼Œä¸­å›½æ‰èƒ½æœ‰çœŸæ­£æ„ä¹‰ä¸Šçš„éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬æ‰èƒ½ä¸ºä¸­å›½ç¤¾ä¼šå‘æŒ¥æ›´å¤§çš„è´¡çŒ®ã€‚ç•¶ç„¶ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬ä¸èƒ½è¯´æ‰€æœ‰çš„éžæ”¿åºœç»„ç»‡éƒ½æ˜¯”好人”，但是非政府组织必需是一个可以与人民之间形成平等、公平对话的机构。
对待美术的策略，政府应以”奖”代”å…»”。

å´å† ä¸­ 全国政协常委、清华大学美术学院教授 ä»Šå¤©ï¼Œç»æµŽç‰©è´¨æ¡ä»¶ç©ºå‰ç¹è£ï¼Œå„ç§ç”»é™¢ã€ç¾Žåã€è‰ºæœ¯é™¢æ ¡ã€ç”»å»Šæž—ç«‹ï¼Œç”»å®¶ä»¥ä¸‡è®¡ï¼Œæ°å‡ºç”»å®¶çŸ¥å¤šå°‘ï¼Œè¿˜å¾…æ¥æ—¥ã€‚ä¼—å¤šç”»å®¶ä»°åä¼šé¼»æ¯ï¼Œçº·çº·å€ŸåŠ©å‚åŠ åä¼šã€å…¥é€‰ç”»å±•ç­‰ç­‰æ¡ä»¶å›žå•ä½æå‡è‡ªå·±çš„èŒç§°ã€‚åä¼šè¿œç¦»äº†å­¦æœ¯ç ”ç©¶ï¼Œæˆäº†å˜ç›¸è¡™é—¨ã€‚æŠŠæŒè‰ºæœ¯å“è¯„ä¹‹æƒçš„ä¸ªäººå› ç´ å½±å“äº†æ–‡è‰ºçš„æ–¹å‘ã€‚åä¼šåº”æ˜¯æ°‘é—´å­¦æœ¯å›¢ä½“ï¼Œåº”è¯¥é˜æ˜Žä¸åŒå­¦æœ¯è§‚ç‚¹ï¼Œç›¸äº’åˆ‡ç£‹ï¼Œä½“çŽ°”百花齐放、百家争鸣”æ–¹é’ˆä¹‹ä¼˜åŠ¿ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œå¯¹å¾…ç¾Žæœ¯çš„ç­–ç•¥ï¼Œæ”¿åºœä¸å®œä¾›å…»ï¼Œåº”ä»¥”奖”代”å…»”，把养的大量经费改作奖金，大量奖励杰出的作品和人才。

学院及企业携手合作，培养优秀资本管理人才。
å¼ å¸† 红杉资本中国基金创始合伙人 资本家的本性就是”闻到了机会就来”ã€‚æœ€è¿‘å‡ å¹´è¿…é€Ÿå‘å±•çš„ä¸­å›½é£Žé™©æŠ•èµ„ä¸šçš„ç¡®å¸å¼•äº†ä¸å°‘æµ·å¤–æŠ•èµ„è€…ï¼Œä½†éƒ¨ä»½é¡¹ç›®å´ç”±äºŽç¼ºä¹å¯¹æœ¬åœŸè¿è¥åŠèµ„æœ¬ç®¡ç†ç»éªŒçš„ä¸“é—¨äººæ‰ï¼Œå› è€Œåœ¨ç­–ç•¥ä¸Šå‡ºçŽ°åå·®ï¼Œå½±å“äº†æŠ•èµ„è€…çš„ä¿¡å¿ƒï¼Œæš´éœ²å‡ºä¸­å›½é£ŽæŠ•ä¸šäººæ‰è·Ÿä¸ä¸Šå¸‚åœºèžèµ„è§„æ¨¡çš„å‘å±•è¦æ±‚ï¼Œå‡ºçŽ°ç“¶é¢ˆã€‚çºµè§‚å›½é™…é£ŽæŠ•è¡Œä¸šçš„å‘å±•åŽ†ç¨‹ï¼Œé£ŽæŠ•ç®¡ç†äººæ‰çš„åŸ¹å…»å¹¶ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€è¹´è€Œå°±çš„ã€‚åœ¨ç¾Žå›½ç­‰å›½å®¶éƒ½æ˜¯å­¦å¾’å¼ï¼Œä¸ƒå…«å¹´æ‰èƒ½åŸ¹å…»å‡ºæ–°ä¸€ä»£ä¼˜ç§€çš„ç®¡ç†äººã€‚ä¸­å›½æœ€è¿‘å‡ å¹´æ‰åˆšå¼€å§‹è¿™æ ·çš„ä¸€ä¸ªè¿‡ç¨‹ï¼Œæ•…é¢„è®¡çŸ­æœŸå†…è¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜å°†éš¾ä»¥è§£å†³ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”åªèƒ½ç»§ç»­ä¾é ä»Žå›½å¤–å½’æ¥çš„ä¸€äº›å¯Œæœ‰ç»éªŒçš„æŠ•èµ„äººæ‰ä½œä¸ºä¸»æµã€‚ å›½å†…å„å¤§é™¢æ ¡é‡‘èžæŠ•èµ„ä¸“ä¸šçš„æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿéƒ½æ˜¯åŸºç¡€æ€§äººæ‰çš„ä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦ç»„æˆéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œå¯ä»¥ä½œä¸ºé£ŽæŠ•ç®¡ç†åŽå¤‡åŠ›é‡äºˆä»¥åŸ¹å…»ã€‚ç„¶è€Œè¦é•¿è¿œè§£å†³è¿™ä¸ªäººæ‰ç“¶é¢ˆï¼Œå„å¤§é™¢æ ¡å¿…é¡»å°½å¿«è®¾ç«‹é£Žé™©æŠ•èµ„ä¸“ä¸šï¼Œä¼ä¸šä¹Ÿåº”æä¾›”ä¼ å¸®å¸¦”çš„é…åˆï¼Œè¿™æ ·æ‰èƒ½æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°ç»™ä¸­å›½åŸ¹å…»å‡ºæ—¢äº†è§£æœ¬åœ°æƒ…å†µï¼Œåˆæ·±è°™æŠ•èµ„ä¹‹é“çš„ä¼˜ç§€èµ„æœ¬ç®¡ç†äººæ‰ã€‚ç»§è€Œèƒ½è¿›ä¸€æ­¥å¼€æ‹“å’Œå¸¦åŠ¨å›½é™…å¯¹ä¸­å›½é£ŽæŠ•å¸‚åœºçš„å…´è¶£ã€‚

è”åˆç½‘ç»œè¿è¥å•†å’ŒæŽ¨å‡ºæ›´å¤šäº§å“åŠæœåŠ¡æ‰èƒ½çªç ´ç›®å‰ç“¶é¢ˆã€‚
邓裕强 3G门户网站首席执行官 æ— çº¿äº’è”ç½‘ä¿¡æ¯æœåŠ¡ä½œä¸º3Gäº§ä¸šé“¾ä¸­æœ€ä¸ºå…³é”®çš„ä¸€ä¸ªçŽ¯èŠ‚ï¼Œå…¶å¸‚åœºè·Ÿå›½å¤–å®Œå…¨ä¸ä¸€æ ·ã€‚è€Œä¸”å¤§å¤šæ•°æ— çº¿äº’è”ç½‘å¹³å°ï¼ˆç®€ç§°”独立WAP平台”）目前的用户基数普遍比较低，产品和服务仅限于兴趣应用，更谈不上有清晰的商业模式可在短期内实现收益的可能。 要改变这种情况，业者必需与网络运营商紧密合作，并推出流媒体、视频、音频、邮箱、游戏等相关3Gäº§å“ï¼ŒåŠåœ¨æ”¶è´¹æ¸ é“ä¸Šå°è¯•ç‚¹å¡ã€ç”µå­é“¶è¡Œã€å›ºå®šç”µè¯å……å€¼ï¼Œæˆ–è€…æ˜¯è¿è¥å•†ä»£æ”¶è´¹ç­‰æ–¹å¼ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”åŠ å¼ºæŽ¨å¹¿æ— çº¿äº’è”ç½‘å¹¿å‘Šã€‚åªæœ‰è¿™æ ·ï¼Œä¸šè€…æ‰æœºä¼šçªç ´ç›®å‰ç”¨æˆ·è§„æ¨¡å’Œå•†ä¸šæ¨¡å¼è¿™ä¸¤æ–¹é¢çš„ç“¶é¢ˆã€‚
æ‰¶æŒä¸šè€…ï¼Œè®©æ›´å¤šå›½äººå‚ä¸Žä¸­è¯çš„ç ”å‘å’Œç”Ÿäº§ã€‚

姜林奎 哈药集团总经理 作为五千年源远流长的国粹，中医中药已经被实践证明是科学有效的。然而，国家在推进中药现代化进程中，由于不少企业的技术水平偏低，且生产手段落后，导致产品不良反应率居高不下，对处于起步阶段的中药现代化带来了不良的影响。 è¦æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°æŽ¨è¡Œä¸­è¯çŽ°ä»£åŒ–ï¼Œå›½å®¶ç›‘ç®¡éƒ¨é—¨é™¤åº”åŠ å¼ºå½»æŸ¥é‚£äº›æ²¡æœ‰ç§‘ç ”å’Œç”Ÿäº§èƒ½åŠ›çš„ä¼ä¸šä¹‹å¤–ï¼Œä¹Ÿè¯¥åœ¨å„ä¸ªåœ°åŒºé‡ç‚¹æ‰¶æŒç»¼åˆå®žåŠ›è¾ƒå¼ºçš„ä¼ä¸šï¼Œå¥½è®©æ›´å¤šå›½äººèƒ½å¤Ÿå…¨é¢å‚ä¸Žä¸­è¯çš„ç ”å‘å’Œç”Ÿäº§å·¥ä½œã€‚è¡Œä¸šç»„ç»‡ä¹Ÿåº”ç§¯æžé…åˆå›½å®¶ä¸­è¯çŽ°ä»£åŒ–çš„å„ç§è¿›ç¨‹ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚æˆç«‹ä¸“ä¸šå§”å‘˜ä¼šã€ä¸¥æ ¼éµä»Žå›½å®¶ç›¸å…³çš„è®¤è¯æ ‡å‡†ï¼Œå¹¶é€è¿‡ä¸šè€…é—´çš„è‡ªå¾‹æ¥æé«˜ä¸­è¯ä¸šçš„å‡†å…¥é—¨æ§›å’Œä¿ƒè¿›ä¸­è¯ä¸šçš„å¥åº·å‘å±•ã€‚ æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œåœ¨é€‰æã€ç”Ÿäº§ã€è´¨é‡æŽ§åˆ¶ã€è¿è¾“ã€å‚¨å­˜ç­‰å„ä¸ªçŽ¯èŠ‚ä¸Šï¼Œä¸­è¯ä¸šè€…ä¹Ÿåº”è¿›ä¸€æ­¥äºˆä»¥åŠ å¼ºå’Œæ”¹å–„ï¼Œå¹¶ç§¯æžå‚è€ƒå’Œå¼•å…¥å›½å¤–å…ˆè¿›çš„ç”Ÿäº§å·¥è‰ºå’Œè´¨æ£€æŠ€æœ¯ã€‚ä½¿ç”¨è¯¸å¦‚å›½é™…é€šè¡Œçš„å…ˆè¿›é˜²ä¼ªæŽªæ–½ï¼Œä¹Ÿèƒ½è¿›ä¸€æ­¥åšåˆ°ä»¥è´Ÿè´£ä»»çš„æ€åº¦ï¼Œä¸ºè€ç™¾å§“æä¾›æ”¾å¿ƒçš„è‰¯è¯çš„ç›®æ ‡ã€‚

TRANSLATION FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT

“Haigui”(graduates returning to China from study abroad) face new pressure as they increasingly fall out of favor in the domestic employment market and become yet another part of China’s labor seeking demographic

With reporting by Zhou Min and Tian Fawei

After graduating from high school six years ago, Chen Jie left his home in Shenzhen to study abroad in England. After receiving his masters in architecture last year, he returned home. As a foreign exchange student, he didn’t feel as though he belonged, and he thought China would provide him with better job opportunities. “When I went abroad, I thought it was really easy for haigui to find a job (in China),” says Chen. Four months after his arrival home, however, he still hadn’t found employment. Only through his father’s connections was he able to secure a position as a design assistant at a Shenzhen architectural firm. “At my current salary,” Chen says evenly, “I could work for 10 years and still not be able to pay back the money my parents spent to send me to school in England.”

In Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large cities, 106 companies were surveyed on their hiring practices toward applicants who hold degrees from foreign universities. The resulting report, “The Competitive Advantage of 2006 Graduates Seeking Employment,” was released on China Central Television and zhaopin.com in March 2006. According to the survey, when other aspects of social status (age, education, requested salary level, etc.) are equal, companies that primarily recruit haigui only account for 35%. Companies that say they “make a case-by-case decision” make up 47%, but those that say that they mainly avoid recruiting applicants who have studied abroad were as high as 18%. Chen Jie says that when his classmates abroad see the lacking domestic employment possibilities, some say they might not come back at all.

Reports point out that there are several reasons for the change in newer enterprises’ requirements and opinions of haigui. First, haigui generally request salaries that are at least 20% higher than domestically educated employees. Second, they possess unstable attitudes toward their jobs — they are much more willing to change jobs if a better opportunity becomes available. Third, there is oftentimes a discrepancy between the theoretical knowledge these students acquire abroad and the actual practical applicability of these skills back home. Fourth, they are more particular about their working environment and have a tendency to complain. Finally, because haigui have been influenced by Western culture, they tend to keep their work and their personal life more clearly separated. This sometimes means that they don’t get along well with co-workers, which can cause communication problems in the workplace.

Furthermore, there has been a steady stream of “haiguis” using falsified foreign diplomas. Not surprisingly, this has also contributed to the continuously falling value of a foreign degree. Among the 106 companies surveyed, the number that consider a foreign diploma to be worth the same or even less than a domestic degree has increased to 73%. Among them a further 21.1% report that they have encountered instances of fake foreign diplomas during the recruitment process.

Manpower China East Regional Director Lan Gang says that today’s haigui don’t compare with those of years past: “Employers are very realistic. They need to deal with local industry—marketing, for example—so they are generally going to hire locally.” He also points out that in response to the opening of China’s financial sector the numbers of those with a foreign educational background in finance looking for work are only going to increase. In addition, some research and development centers are currently only interested in applicants who graduated from well-known foreign universities with degrees in science and technology. Lan Gang goes as far as to say that “haigui who studied at second- or third-string foreign universities, with the exception of those who studied subjects scarce among domestically-educated graduates, such as high-tech, aren’t going to be obviously superior.”

On September 4th, a haigui who studied art history in the U.S. posted an employment wanted notice on the Tsinghua University online bulletin board. The young man had exhausted himself with a nine-month job search before finally finding work as a telemarketer. There are countless others like him out there. “In spite of the fact that I’m earning decent money,” he says, “I’m really just watching for a chance at something better. I just think this isn’t a good way to live, and my parents are so disappointed.” Within half an hour of posting the notice, more than three hundred people had replied. One person exclaimed, “My goodness, even haigui who studied in America feel this way, that there’s more to it than money.” Many people also commented that aside from having good English, haigui don’t have any obvious advantages. Xiu Shiyu, a PhD student at the Tsinghua School of Management, says that even though he thought about studying abroad, “I also have to carefully consider the possible costs. Otherwise I’m afraid I’ll miss the opportunity to find a good job here in China.”

Even though the sun no longer shines as brightly on graduates from foreign universities, according to information released by the British Consulate’s Department of Culture and Education, the number of Chinese exchange students in Britain this year is predicted to rise over 31% from last year. As Chen Jie says, lots of young people are the same as he was at that age – full of wanderlust. “Studying abroad gave me a more international perspective, my approach to many different issues is very different from my colleagues who graduated from Chinese universities.” Chen has faith in his future, though it won’t necessarily be clear right away what the future holds. “These experiences will be my absolute advantage,” he says.

The Chinese National Ministry of Education announced in March of 2006 that in 2005 there were 35,000 foreign-educated students who returned to China. Among them, the number of returning students who studied on public or private scholarships increased by 15.6%, and the number who paid their own tuition increased 7.9% over 2004.

“æµ·å½’”职场遇严冬

面对国内就业市场的巨大压力，”æµ·å½’”å·²æ¸æ¸å¤±å® å¹¶æˆä¸ºå›½å†…äººæ‰å¸‚åœºä¸€ä¸ªæ–°çš„æ±‚èŒç¾¤ä½“ã€‚

撰文／周敏 田发伟

陈杰(Chen Jie)å…­å¹´å‰é«˜ä¸­æ¯•ä¸šåŽä»Žæ·±åœ³å‰èµ´è‹±å›½è¯»ä¹¦ï¼ŒåŽ»å¹´èŽ·å¾—å»ºç­‘ä¸“ä¸šç¡•å£«æ–‡å‡­ï¼Œç”±äºŽè§‰å¾—ç•™åœ¨å›½å¤–æ²¡æœ‰å½’å±žæ„Ÿï¼Œå› æ­¤ä»–å›žæ¥äº†ã€‚ä»–è¯´ï¼š”我出国那会，‘海归’（归国留学生）还是挺好找工作的。”然而他回来后，经过四个月的寻找并托了老爸的关系，最后才在深圳的一家建筑公司找到一份设计助理的工作。他坦言：”以我目前的工资，工作10年也不能偿还父母送我去英国读书的费用。”

据中央电视台(China Central Television)与智联招聘网（zhaopin.com）今年3月发布的”就业力——2006毕业生就业状况”调查的结果显示，在106家分布于北京、上海、广州等多个大城市的受调查企业里，表示会在同等条件下（如年龄、学历、薪资要求等）优先录取海归的公司只有35%，表示”看情况而定”者则有47%ï¼Œè€Œæ˜Žç¡®è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ä¼šä¼˜å…ˆå½•å–æµ·å½’çš„æ›´å 18%ã€‚é™ˆæ°è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œä»–åœ¨å›½å¤–çš„åŒå­¦è§åˆ°å›½å†…å°±ä¸šæƒ…å†µè¿™æ ·å·®ï¼Œæœ‰çš„å¹²è„†ä¸å›žæ¥ã€‚

é€ æˆä¼ä¸šè¿‘å¹´å¯¹æµ·å½’çš„éœ€æ±‚å’Œæ€åº¦çš„æ”¹å˜ï¼ŒæŠ¥å‘ŠæŒ‡å‡ºä¸»è¦å› åŽŸåŒ…æ‹¬ï¼šå¤§éƒ¨åˆ†æµ·å½’è¦æ±‚çš„è–ªèµ„è¦æ¯”å›½å†…åº”è˜è€…é«˜å‡º20%ä»¥ä¸Šï¼›å…¶æ¬¡æ˜¯å·¥ä½œå¿ƒæ€ä¸ç¨³å®šï¼Œå®¹æ˜“è·³æ§½ï¼›ç¬¬ä¸‰æ˜¯æ‰€å­¦å†…å®¹å’Œå›½å†…å®žé™…æƒ…å†µæœ‰è„±èŠ‚ï¼Œå®žé™…åº”ç”¨èƒ½åŠ›å·®ï¼›ç¬¬å››æ˜¯å¯¹å·¥ä½œçŽ¯å¢ƒè¿‡äºŽæŒ‘å‰”ï¼Œçˆ±æŠ±æ€¨ï¼›ç¬¬äº”æ˜¯ç”±äºŽå—åˆ°è¥¿æ–¹æ–‡åŒ–çš„å½±å“ï¼Œå·¥ä½œå’Œç”Ÿæ´»åˆ†å¾—å¾ˆæ¸…æ¥šï¼Œæ— æ³•ä¸ŽåŒäº‹èžæ´½ç›¸å¤„ï¼Œç”šè‡³æ²Ÿé€šæœ‰éšœç¢ã€‚

另外，近年不断地被揭发出来的”假洋文凭”å’Œæ¶‰åŠæµ·å½’çš„é€ å‡æ¡ˆä»¶ï¼Œäº¦ä»¤”洋文凭”的含金量不断降低。在受调查的106å®¶ä¼ä¸šä¸­ï¼Œè®¤ä¸ºæ´‹æ–‡å‡­å’Œå›½å†…æ–‡å‡­å·®ä¸å¤šè€…ï¼Œç”šè‡³è®¤ä¸ºä¸å¦‚å›½å†…æ–‡å‡­è€…ï¼ŒåŠ èµ·æ¥å…±æœ‰73%。而其中更有高达21.1%表示曾在招聘中遇到过”假洋文凭”的事情。

万宝盛华（中国）华东区区域总监(Manpower China East Regional Director)兰刚(Lan Gang)表示，海归的确今非昔比。他说：”用人单位很现实，需要和本地打交道的行业，如行销，他们一般都只会录用本地人才。”ä¸è¿‡éšç€ä¸­å›½é‡‘èžè¡Œä¸šçš„å¼€æ”¾ï¼Œä»–æŒ‡å‡ºæœ‰æµ·å¤–æ•™è‚²èƒŒæ™¯çš„é‡‘èžäººæ‰ï¼Œéœ€æ±‚é‡å°†ä¼šå¢žé«˜ã€‚å¦å¤–ï¼Œä¸€äº›ç ”å‘ä¸­å¿ƒç›®å‰ä»æ¯”è¾ƒå€¾å‘äºŽæµ·å¤–åæ ¡æ¯•ä¸šçš„ç§‘æŠ€äººæ‰ã€‚è‡³äºŽ”å›½å¤–äºŒä¸‰æµå­¦æ ¡æ¯•ä¸šçš„æµ·å½’ï¼Œé™¤éžä»–ä»¬å­¦çš„æ˜¯å›½å†…ç¨€ç¼ºçš„ä¸“ä¸šï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚é«˜åˆ†å­æŠ€æœ¯ç­‰ï¼Œå¦åˆ™å†æ²¡æœ‰æ˜Žæ˜¾çš„ä¼˜åŠ¿ã€‚”

今年9月4日，清华大学BBS上出现了一条帖子，发贴人是一名在美国读艺术史的海归。他自暴历经了9ä¸ªæœˆæ‰æ‰¾åˆ°ä¸€ä»½æ‰“ç”µè¯è¥é”€çš„å·¥ä½œï¼Œå¹¶ç§°å’Œä¸€ç¾¤å¤§ï¼ä¸­ä¸“ç”Ÿå¹²åŒæ ·çš„æ´»ã€‚”尽管我只想挣点收入，然后再伺机跳槽，”但他说”æˆ‘ä»è§‰å¾—è¿™æ ·ä¸å¯¹åŠ²ï¼Œä¹Ÿè®©æˆ‘çš„çˆ¶æ¯å¤±æœ›ã€‚”半小时内，有三百多人回帖。网友惊呼”天啊，连美国海归都如此不值钱”，一些网友认为海归除了英文好，其他优势并不明显。在清华经管学院正在读博士的修世宇(Xiu Shiyu)表示，虽然想过出国，但”看来我也要仔细考虑一下机会成本，否则，恐怕会失去在国内找到好工作的时机。”

å°½ç®¡æµ·å½’å·²ç»å¤±åŽ»å¾€æ—¥çš„å…‰åŽï¼Œä½†æ®è‹±å›½æ€»é¢†äº‹é¦†æ–‡åŒ–æ•™è‚²å¤„é€éœ²ï¼Œä»Šå¹´èµ´è‹±ç•™å­¦çš„ä¸­å›½å­¦ç”Ÿï¼Œé¢„è®¡ä»ä¼šæ¯”åŽ»å¹´å¢žåŠ 31%ã€‚é™ˆæ°è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œå¾ˆå¤šå¹´è½»äººéƒ½åƒä»–å½“å¹´ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¸Œæœ›åˆ°å¤–é¢åŽ»çœ‹çœ‹ï¼Œè€Œ”åœ¨å›½å¤–çš„å­¦ä¹ ç”Ÿæ´»ä¹Ÿè®©æˆ‘æœ‰äº†å›½é™…çš„è§†é‡Žï¼Œæ€è€ƒé—®é¢˜çš„è§’åº¦ä¹Ÿå’Œå›½å†…æ¯•ä¸šçš„åŒäº‹å¾ˆä¸ä¸€æ ·ã€‚”虽然在短期内显现不出来，但他对自己的未来充满信心，”这些经验将是我绝对的优势。”

=====

中国国家教育部2006å¹´3月公布，2005年度留学回国的人数为3.5ä¸‡äººï¼Œå…¶ä¸­å›½å®¶å…¬æ´¾ä¸Žå•ä½å…¬æ´¾çš„ç•™å­¦å›žå›½è€…å¢žåŠ äº†15.6%，而自费留学回国者亦比2004年增长了7.9%。

FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT’S SEPTEMBER EDITION.

Rock fans refute that Shanghai is and ever will be a jazz town. To back it up, they’re supporting an ever-growing live rock movement. Many of the venues are dark and dank as only a good punk rocker could appreciate. Here’s where to find the best live rock in Shanghai.

021 Bar 021酒吧 (2893 Yangshupu Road, 2/F North Bund Market杨树浦路2893号北外滩商场二楼)
It’s cramped, it’s underground, it reeks of cigarettes and stale beer, and it’s pure rock poetry.

Harley’s Bar 哈雷酒吧(265 South Dandong Road南丹东路265号)
Many of Beijing’s most famous punk bands make their Shanghai pit stop here. Grab a bottle of Ergoutou and let the good times roll.

C’s Bar (685 Dingxi Road定西路685号)
Cheap beers, loud rock, nicotine addicts, and a wide variety of musical styles. This is the place to enjoy the unruly and to howl.

Live Bar 现场酒吧(721 Kunming Road昆明路721号)
The music here isn’t always good, but it’s always loud. Brace yourself for the ear-drum shattering grunge and punk rock with a few brews.

Yuyintang 育音堂 (Lane 200 Longcao Road, Number 100龙漕路200弄100号)
Originally an abandoned warehouse, hosts bands from progressive goth to heavy metal to punk. Think industrial music in an industrial space.

DDM Warehouse 东大名创库(713 East Daming Road, 3/F东大名路713号3楼)
Shows aren’t regular, but they rock in the charismatic artsy space where performances punk you to the soul.

Shuffle Bar (137 Xingfu Road幸福路137号)
An intimate space removes the distance between indie and emo rock performers and their fans.

Tanghui 堂会(85 Huating Road华亭路85号)
Enough room in front of the stage for riotous dancing to ethnically inspired rock. Open mic nights stir up new blood, which keeps the scene fresh and exciting.

ARK Livehouse 亚科(1520 Taicang Road inside Xintiandi太仓路1520号新天地北里15号)
This place isn’t exactly rock ‘n’ roll, but it was the first live house to open in Shanghai. Avant-garde and post-rock foreign artists occasionally grace the stage.

–Megan Shank

FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT’S SEPTEMBER EDITION.

Lord of the Zings

Likening the reception he’s encountered on his second book tour through Asia promoting “Not Quite the Diplomat” to that of an “aging rock star,” Lord Chris Patten, former Governor of Hong Kong and European Commissioner for External Relations and current Oxford Chancellor, speaks to Newsweek Select’s Megan Shank about internationalism, Shanghai jazz and the makings of a civic society.

Shank: How has the book tour gone?
Patten: I have about six days on the road, really from dawn to dusk. I’ve got a day and a half here (in Shanghai) and then fly home tomorrow night. It’s pretty packed. I must have signed about two and a half thousand copies at book signings. We’re outselling Dan Brown in Hong Kong. The Vatican is delighted.

You did a book signing in Shanghai last year. How was it?
It was at Times Square Plaza in Pudong. For me, the extraordinary thing was to see those big posters with my face on them all down the street at the shopping mall. And I thought, “I might be hanging from there myself.” So, it was great. We did a reception and a speech, as we’ll do here tonight.

Speaking of receptions, what was it like, during your career, to sit in those big horseshoe chairs at Chinese meetings?
I think that it’s important in whatever you’re doing to retain your sense of humor, and to retain the sense that you’re not really any more important or any different when you’re doing a big job than you were before. You shouldn’t let all that, all the trappings of authority go to your head.

Besides humility, what other characteristics are necessary in doing this sort of work?
I don’t know how people survive politics and diplomacy without a good sense of humor. I’ve got one. At one meeting in Asia they had a table decoration of green artificial grass lawn with hillocks and toadstools and little houses and false daffodils, and I suddenly realized that it was just like the landscaping of Teletubbies. I was absolutely convulsed by this realization. There was nobody I could explain this to. (laugh)

You’ve retired from the political life. How do Chinese officials treat you?
I had with mainland Chinese officials a rather rocky relationship when I was in Hong Kong, but as soon as I took my new job as Commissioner for External Relations, they behaved towards me with exquisite courtesy and politeness. Now we have a very good relationship.

In your book, you speak very glowingly of Zhu Rongji.
He’s one of the most talented and able people I’ve ever met. Clever, tough, completely on top of his brief. Self-confident enough to do without notes and speaking cards. Able to argue his position with considerable vigor and authority. When I first met him as an official on the other side of the table, he obviously knew some English, but didn’t seem to know very much. The last meeting we had in Copenhagen, he was correcting his interpreter. We had a rigorous exchange of views over dinner. And I thought to myself, “Here’s this guy who’s been facing a pretty full time job being Prime Minister of China, and he must have been doing English lessons as well.” People sometimes make the mistake of thinking that it’s (learning language) a sort of natural gift that you’ve got an ear for. But it’s a question of intellectual rigor and it takes a lot of discipline.

So you miss your interaction with these political figures?
A lot of negotiation is pretty boring. But sometmes you can really engage with people intellectually and there’s some fairly vigorous concepts discussed. I miss that, sure.

In your book you talk about how your parents invited internationalism into the home. What kind of influence did that have on your outlook?
They taught me to think in broader terms, I think. When I was a little boy, if you wanted olive oil, you went to the chemist for it because it was something used for a medication. For my mother to use garlic and olive oil was pretty eccentric. At the same time, we grew up in the American cultural imperium. My father was a music publisher. Most of the music he published was American. My parents were huge enthusiasts for American big band.

So they would have liked the Shanghai jazz scene.
The first time I came to Shanghai was in 1979. I’d heard about the jazz band in the Peace Hotel. I picked my way along the Bund from one dim electric nightlight to another to go and hear them. They seemed very elderly even then. They’re a bit like those Cuban musicians – The Bueno Vista Social Club – they look about 120 years old. But they’re a good jazz band.

Besides those old guys, what things in Shanghai have gotten better with age and time?
People are better off. They have more freedom in their economic and social lives. There’s a feel-good factor now in China for everyone, and certainly in a city like Shanghai. You know, it’s not just all those high-rise flats, it’s the way people look in the street, the way they’re dressed, their obvious self-confidence, they’re obviously well fed. Of course you see people who are poor, but by and large you see people who enjoy their time increasingly in the sun.

In your book, you say that to sustain a modern economy requires the rule of law. Shanghai has recently reinforced campaigns against minor offenses such as jaywalking. Is this burgeoning evidence of a civic society?
It’s like piling one grain of sand on another. The grains of sand seem very small but eventually produce a pyramid. What’s important, as far as the rule of law is concerned, is it shouldn’t apply to just the small people, it should apply to the big people who make decisions as well. Government has to be subject to the rule of law, not just jaywalkers. It’s a bit slower than I would like, but it’s certainly happening.

China is seeking to improve itself. How is it improving the world to which it belongs?
If you can’t sell, you can’t buy. China will be, within a decade, not only the largest exporter in the world but the largest importer as well. China’s economic success helps to create jobs in competitive industries elsewhere. We tend too often to take too much of a mercantilist view of trade issue – thinking there are winners and losers. The freer the trade, the more everybody gains.

China has undergone transition and so have you these years. How has it been trading politics for academia?
Academic politics is much rougher than the real thing. Henry Kissinger once said when somebody said to him, “How did you prepare for the Nixon Whitehouse and running the State Department during the Vietnam and Cambodian Wars?” And he said, “It was easy. I spent the previous 25 years at Harvard.” Being the Chancellor at Oxford isn’t really being the executive head. It’s a ceremonial post, but it’s huge fun. I love it.

You have plans to translate your book into Chinese. Will there need to be editorial concessions made for the mainland Chinese version?
Nobody’s talked about that. I mean the contract is to translate the book, so I don’t see where they should need to be concessions. It’s certainly nothing provocative. I wouldn’t have thought that most Chinese leaders would regard it as particularly provocative about China.

If problems arose, would you make editorial concessions?
Well, life’s difficult enough answering the questions that actually arise without answering the hypothetical ones. (laugh)

What’s the most exciting project in sight for you now?
The next most exciting thing is I’m going on holiday to my house in France, and I’m starting to read myself into my next book.

TRANSLATION FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT

The CAAC and EACCA merger might put the chaotic Chinese air cargo market on track.

By Xi Yue (Beijing)

“It’s not alright to not merge. Merging, despite the possibility of producing many potential problems, will more likely create new opportunities,” says air transportation department head of China Civil Aviation University, Cao Yunchen, commenting on the recent merger announcement of China Airline’s Air China Cargo Co. Ltd. (CAACC) and Eastern Airline’s China Cargo Airlines Ltd. (EACCA). Currently, both companies are striving to set up the new company before the end of the year.

The new joint company will still be called Air China Cargo Airlines Ltd. (EACCA). Headquarters will be in Shanghai, and assets of the 50-50 venture will primarily come from fleets and crews of the two parent companies. After the merger, the new EACCA will become China’s largest air cargo company. However, many people in the industry are hardly overjoyed by the news and have created a mantra to express their displeasure: “Merging is seeking death, not merging is waiting for death.”

Ding Xingkang, assistant general manager of Shanghai Eastern Aviation Advertising Co. Ltd., says that the business performance of EACCA was pretty bad last year. The company had had no choice but to quickly consider a merger. Contributors to deficit were linked to the continued rising price of crude oil as well as big increases in fleet maintenance and repair costs. Both expenses rose by as much as 63.7 percent and 60.9 percent from the previous year. Additionally, the company’s 2005 annual report mentions several times that air cargo operators has been increasing within the Changjiang River Delta area, which had created more fierce competitions. As a result, the yield for ton-kilometer slid 2.12 percent compared to 2004.

CAACC’s situation wasn’t much different. Last year, all its Sino-US lines were in deficit. Even though the company’s cargo gain witnessed a rise of two pecent, reaching $0.25 per ton-kilometer, operation costs also rose to $0.35 per ton-kilometer. According to the data on CAACC website, the company’s average oil purchasing price in 2005 increased by more than $100 per ton, compared to the year before. Although appreciation of oil hit all transport companies hard, the impact, to the already deficit-burdened CAACC and EACCA, proved especially devastating.

“It’s because when they fly half their cargo space is empty,” says an air freight cargo staff with the Shanghai branch of Cathay Pacific.”

The most important element of an air freight transport business is the rate of transport. How can an empty plane make any money?” He says Cathay’s average cargo transport rate was 67 percent last year, Singapore Airlines at 63.6 percent and Korean Airlines at 74 percent, while CAACC and EACCA only reached rates of 54.5 percent and 53.35 percent. In this industry, those 10 percentage points stand as the watershed between profit and loss. Based on the break-even point of 65.97 percent of EACCA, the company’s 770,000 ton cargo performance was short by over 100,000 tons.

Cao Yunchun of China Civil Aviation University says there are many ways to increase cargo transport rate: optimizing flight line structure, finetuning sales network and raise the quality of service. All these things help to the goal, but the premise of implementing these procedures must be to create a realistically scaled stronger structure upon which to build. The merger of the two companies is a reasonable decision. Cao points out that if one looks at the two companies as individual entities, their limited fleets are difficult to appreciate their individual importance or superiority in the aviation freight transport industry. And they are hard to implement the operation model of subcontractors. Only by combining the companies in a merger, they are possible to optimize their fleets and routes, as well as resource sharing, and create volume scale benefits.

AMT Consulting’s senior advisor Zhao Yang also points us: “Air cargo transportation is selling loading capacity and cabin placement, but that doesn’t mean selling out cabin space. Good services and optimal routes are invincible tools to an air cargo company.” In addition, the number of air crafts is a also deciding factor. Currently, EACCA has six MP-11 cargo planes converted from passenger planes from Eastern Airlines and one rented 747-200, and CAACC has nine Boeing cargo 747Fs.

But even adding the two 747-400 cargo planes that Eastern Airlines plans to buy in these two years, the fleet of the new joint-company still can’t match the magnates in the air cargo freight industry. For example, Korean Airlines, a continuous two-year champion of air cargo freight worldwide, has 19 747 cargo planes. Cathay Pacific, a mutual stockholder with China Airline, has 14 747s. However, Cao believes that the scale of their fleet after the merger “is at least be qualified to stand on the starting line. Moreover, CAACC’s advantage lies with its routes to the Americas, and EACCA’s with the Changjiang River Delta. Restructuring fleets and routes of both companies should achieve sharing of resources and bring forth the benefit of a volume scale operation.”

Lufthansa Cargo AG’s director of corporate communications in Frankfurt headquarter, Niles Haupt agrees, “China’s import export business is at disequilibrium. This would be a challenge for any airline company. The merger will be advantageous for the two companies to compete globally, and make things easy for them.” Furthermore, as China has started to carry out its promised “open sky” policy while joining the WTO, the two companies have no choice but to merge. Even other Chinese airline companies who has been enjoying a privilege status, they must reform accordingly under the huge influx of foreign investments. Otherwise, this market will be completely carved up by foreign investors.

Over the past five years, China has already signed new bilateral aviation transport agreements and aviation rights arrangements with 42 countries. FedEx, UPS, DHL and other major shipping companies have already entered the Chinese market. Additionally, Great Wall Airlines, Shanghai Air Cargo International and Jade Cargo International, which Lufthansa Cargo occupies a 25 percent share, are all in business or will be in business soon. Cao says today’s China air cargo market has entered into
a “warring states period.”

Zou Jianjun, associate professor at the Civil Aviation Management Institute of China says the merger between CAACC and EACCA is one of both risk and opportunity. Challenges brought by the new company for management on all levels include questions of how to merge the different cultures of a northern and southern company, how to coordinate two distinct management styles bilaterally, and, after the merger is complete, how to manage the sudden increase of airplanes. Zou says merging is just the first step to meeting the competition, “Both sides of the merger should have a clear long-term plan for what’s ahead. If change is only on the scale of fleets and if traditional restrictions and problems involving marketing and transportation networks are not solved, then the disparity between the new company and those international-level opponents will never be overcome. Even worse, the company could fall into even greater difficulties due to scale expansion.” Zhao Yang of AMT Consulting agrees that the new-joint company, after merging, should immediately consider how to optimize business structure and find out how to make use of the optimized routes to develop high value-added cargo services.

“Although the shipping market is a big piece of cake,” says Zhou, “Chinese companies have never been able to enjoy the most delicious part of it up until now.”

A poor service level and sluggish sales and transport networks are the biggest reasons for the tasty bits being sealed off. Mr. Li of Korean Air’s Beijing office points out that while CAACC still use the phone to locate current position of cargoes, the company and a few other international players have been using networks that virtually cover all parts of the world to provide customer information such as cargo placements, locations, and arrival times. They can even truck the client’s items to desired locations. Chinese airline companies must make substantial change in order to jump out from the low-end market.

As Haupt of Lufthansa says, it is premature at this time to talk about whether the new EACCA will become a threat to big cargo players like his company. However, the merger between CAACC and EACCA is very possibly to open a whole new sky for Chinese air cargo industry.

ä¸ä¸€æ ·çš„å¤©ç©º
æ··ä¹±çš„ä¸­å›½èˆªç©ºè´§è¿å¸‚åœºæˆ–ä¼šå› å›½è´§èˆªå’Œä¸­è´§èˆªçš„åˆå¹¶è€Œèµ°å‘è§„å¾‹ã€‚
“不合肯定不行。合，虽然可能会产生很多问题，但更可能找到机遇。”这是中国民航学院航空运输系主任曹允春，对最近国航旗下的中国国际货运有限公司（国货航）与东航旗下的中国货运航空有限公司（中货航）宣布合并后的看法。目前这两家公司正在争取于年底前把新的公司成立出来。名称将仍用中国货运航空有限公司。新的中国货运航空的总部设在上海，资产将主要来自原两家公司的机队和飞行人员。原两家航空公司将各持新公司50％的股份。合并后，新的中货航将成为中国第一大的航空运输企业。但业内人士对这个消息却没有多少喝彩，甚至出现”合并是找死，不合并是等死” 的悲观评论。

ä¸œèˆªä¼ åª’æœ‰é™å…¬å¸å‰¯æ€»è£ä¸æ–°åº·è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œä¸­è´§èˆªåŽ»å¹´çš„è¥è¿ä¸šç»©äºæŸç›¸å½“ä¸¥é‡ï¼Œä¸­è´§èˆªå› è€Œä¸å¾—ä¸å°½å¿«è€ƒè™‘åˆå¹¶äº‹å®œã€‚äºæŸåŽŸå› ä¸ŽåŽŸæ²¹ä»·æ ¼ä¸æ–­ä¸Šæ¶¨,以及公司机队维修成本大幅提高有关。两项支出在2005年分别比前一年上涨了63.7％及60.9％。另外，该公司的2005å¹´åº¦æŠ¥å‘Šä¸­ä¹Ÿå¤šæ¬¡æåˆ°ï¼Œé•¿æ±Ÿä¸‰è§’åœ°åŒºçš„è´§è¿ä¸šè€…ä¸æ–­å¢žåŠ ï¼Œå¸‚åœºç«žäº‰æ—¥ç›Šæ¿€çƒˆï¼Œå¯¼è‡´å…¨å¹´è´§é‚®è¿è¾“çš„å¨å…¬é‡Œæ”¶ç›ŠçŽ‡æ¯”2004年下降了2.12％。

国货航的情况也差不多，去年其主攻的中美航线全以亏损告终。尽管货邮收益较前一年提高了2％，达到0.25美元/å¨å…¬é‡Œï¼Œç„¶è€Œç»è¥æˆæœ¬ä¹ŸåŒæ ·ä¸Šå‡è‡³0.35美元/吨公里。据国货航网站的数据显示，该公司2005年的燃油平均采购价，每吨比前一年上涨了100多美元。虽然燃油涨价对所有航空公司都产生压力，但这压力对亏损中的国货航和中货航却影响更甚。

“å› ä¸ºä»–ä»¬çš„é£žæœºåœ¨ç©ºä¸­é£žçš„æ—¶å€™ï¼Œæœ‰ä¸€åŠçš„è´§ä»“æ˜¯ç©ºçš„ã€‚â€å›½æ³°èˆªç©ºå…¬å¸ä¸Šæµ·è´§è¿éƒ¨ä¸€åå·¥ä½œäººå‘˜è¿™æ ·è¯´ã€‚”货运业最重要的是载运率。空飞机怎么赚钱？”他表示国泰航空去年的货邮平均载运率为67ï¼…ï¼Œæ–°åŠ å¡èˆªç©ºä¸º63.6ï¼…, 大韩航空为74％，而国货航和中货航则只有54.5ï¼…å’Œ53.35％。十多个百分点的差距，就是盈利和亏损的分水岭。以中货航65.97％的收支平衡载运率来算，中货航去年77万吨货邮的载运量，距离收支平衡共差上10多万吨货物。
æ›¹å…æ˜¥è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œè¦æé«˜è½½è¿çŽ‡çš„æ–¹æ³•å¾ˆå¤šï¼šä¼˜åŒ–èˆªçº¿ç»“æž„ã€å¥å…¨é”€å”®ç½‘ç»œã€æé«˜æœåŠ¡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œè¿™äº›éƒ½æœ‰åŠ©è¾¾åˆ°ç›®æ ‡ï¼Œä½†å‰æå¿…éœ€æ˜¯å»ºç«‹åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªè§„æ¨¡çš„åŸºç¡€ä¹‹ä¸Šã€‚æ•…ä¸¤èˆªåˆå¹¶çš„é€‰æ‹©è¿˜æ˜¯åˆç†çš„ã€‚ä»–æŒ‡å‡ºï¼ŒæŠŠè¿™ä¸¤å®¶å…¬å¸åˆ†å¼€æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œä»–ä»¬çš„æœºé˜Ÿè§„æ¨¡å°ï¼Œå¾ˆéš¾å½¢æˆèˆªç©ºè´§è¿çš„ä¸­æž¢èˆªçº¿ç½‘ç»œä¼˜åŠ¿ï¼Œå’Œè¾¾åˆ°é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†åŒ…ä¸­å¿ƒè¿ä½œçš„ç»è¥æ¨¡å¼ã€‚åªæœ‰æŠŠä¸¤å®¶å…¬å¸åˆå¹¶ï¼Œæ‰èƒ½é‡ç»„ä¼˜åŒ–æœºé˜Ÿå’Œèˆªçº¿ï¼Œåšåˆ°èµ„æºäº’è¡¥ï¼Œäº§ç”Ÿè§„æ¨¡æ•ˆåº”ã€‚
AMTç ”ç©¶ä¸­å¿ƒé«˜çº§å’¨è¯¢é¡¾é—®èµµæ¨ä¹Ÿè¯´ï¼š”èˆªç©ºè¿è¾“å–çš„æ˜¯è¿åŠ›å’Œèˆ±ä½ï¼Œä½†åˆä¸ç­‰åŒäºŽå‡ºå–èˆ±ä½ã€‚è‰¯å¥½çš„æœåŠ¡é…åˆä¼˜åŒ–çš„èˆªçº¿ç»“æž„ï¼Œæ‰æ˜¯èˆªç©ºå…¬å¸æˆ˜æ— ä¸èƒœçš„åˆ©å™¨ã€‚â€å¦å¤–ï¼Œé£žæœºçš„æ•°é‡ä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€é¡¹é‡è¦çš„å†³å®šæ€§è¦ç´ ã€‚ç›®å‰ï¼Œä¸­è´§èˆªæœ‰6架从东航购置的客改货MD-11货机及1架租赁的747-200货机，国货航则有9架波音747Få…¨è´§æœºï¼Œå³ä½¿åŠ ä¸Šä¸œèˆªä»Šæ˜Žä¸¤å¹´å‡†å¤‡å…±å¼•å…¥çš„2架747-400å…¨è´§æœºï¼Œæ–°å…¬å¸æœºé˜Ÿåœ¨è¿è½½èƒ½åŠ›ä¸Šä»æ— æ³•å’ŒçœŸæ­£çš„è´§è¿å·¨å¤´ä»¬åŒ¹æ•Œã€‚ä¾‹å¦‚ï¼Œæ›¾è¿žç»­ä¸¤å¹´è‰è”ä¸–ç•Œå•†ä¸šèˆªç©ºè¿è¾“ç¬¬ä¸€ä½çš„å¤§éŸ©èˆªç©ºå…¬å¸ä¾¿æœ‰19架747货机，而与国航相互持股的国泰航空也有14架747货机。不过曹允春认为，合并后机队的规模”èµ·ç ç®—æ˜¯ç«™åˆ°äº†èµ·è·‘çº¿ä¸Šã€‚è€Œä¸”å›½è´§èˆªçš„ä¼˜åŠ¿åœ¨äºŽç¾Žæ´²èˆªçº¿ï¼Œä¸­è´§èˆªçš„ä¼˜åŠ¿åœ¨äºŽé•¿æ±Ÿä¸‰è§’ï¼Œå°†ä¸¤å®¶æœºé˜Ÿå’Œèˆªçº¿ä¼˜åŒ–é‡ç»„ï¼Œå¯å®žçŽ°èµ„æºäº’è¡¥ï¼Œäº§ç”Ÿè§„æ¨¡æ•ˆåº”ã€‚â€

汉莎航空公司法兰克福总部的公关总监尼尔斯．豪普特也同意：”ä¸­å›½è´¸æ˜“è¿›å‡ºå£å¤ªä¸å¹³è¡¡ï¼Œå¯¹ä»»ä½•èˆªç©ºå…¬å¸æ¥è¯´éƒ½æ˜¯ä¸€ç§æŒ‘æˆ˜ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„åˆå¹¶å¯¹äºŽä¸¤å®¶å…¬å¸æ—¥åŽå‚ä¸Žå›½é™…ç«žäº‰æ˜¯æœ‰åˆ©çš„ï¼Œè§„æ¨¡å’Œèˆªçº¿è¿‡å°‘ä¼šå¤±åŽ»ç«žäº‰åŠ›ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„æ•´åˆä¼šä»¤äº‹æƒ…ç®€å•å¾—å¤šã€‚â€å†è€…ï¼Œéšç€ä¸­å›½å¼€å§‹å±¥è¡ŒåŠ å…¥ä¸–è´¸æ‰€æ‰¿è¯ºçš„”天空开放”政策，两家公司也不得不合并，即使是其他养尊处优的中国航空公司，他们在大量外资涌入的情势下也必须做出改变，否则这个市场将可能完全被外资所瓜分。

过去五年间，中国已经与42个国家签署了新的双边航空运输协定或航权安排。诸如联邦快递、UPS、DHLç­‰èˆªè¿å·¨å¤´å·²ç»è¿›å…¥äº†ä¸­å›½å¸‚åœºï¼Œå¦å¤–ï¼Œé•¿åŸŽèˆªç©ºã€ä¸Šæµ·å›½é™…è´§è¿èˆªç©ºï¼ŒåŠæ±‰èŽŽèˆªç©ºå 25ï¼…è‚¡ä»½çš„ç¿¡ç¿ å›½é™…è´§è¿èˆªç©ºç­‰å…¬å¸ä¹Ÿå·²è¿›å…¥è¿è¥æˆ–åœ¨ç§¯æžç­¹å»ºä¸­ã€‚æ›¹å…æ˜¥è®¤ä¸ºï¼Œä»Šå¤©çš„ä¸­å›½èˆªç©ºè´§è¿å¸‚åœºå·²ç»å‡ºçŽ°äº†”春秋战国”的群雄割据局面。

ä¸­å›½æ°‘èˆªç®¡ç†å¹²éƒ¨å­¦é™¢ç»ç®¡ç³»å‰¯æ•™æŽˆé‚¹å»ºå†›è¡¨ç¤ºï¼Œä¸­è´§èˆªå’Œå›½è´§èˆªçš„åˆå¹¶æ˜¯é£Žé™©ä¸Žæœºé‡å¹¶å­˜çš„ã€‚å¦‚ä½•èžåˆå—åŒ—ä¸¤å®¶å…¬å¸çš„æ–‡åŒ–ï¼Œå¦‚ä½•åè°ƒåŒæ–¹ç®¡ç†æ¨¡å¼çš„å·®å¼‚ï¼Œä»¥åŠåˆå¹¶ä»¥åŽï¼Œå¦‚ä½•ç®¡ç†é™¡ç„¶å¢žåŠ çš„é£žæœºæ•°é‡ï¼Œè¿™äº›é—®é¢˜å¯¹æ–°å…¬å¸æœªæ¥çš„ç®¡ç†å±‚éƒ½æ˜¯ä¸€é¡¹æŒ‘æˆ˜ã€‚é‚¹å»ºå†›è¯´åˆå¹¶æ˜¯è¿ŽæŽ¥ç«žäº‰çš„ç¬¬ä¸€æ­¥ï¼Œä½†ä¹Ÿä»…ä»…æ˜¯ä¸ªå¼€å§‹ï¼Œ”åˆå¹¶åŒæ–¹åº”è¯¥æœ‰ä¸ªæ˜Žç¡®çš„è§„åˆ’ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæ”¹å˜çš„ä»…ä»…æ˜¯æœºé˜Ÿçš„è§„æ¨¡ï¼Œè€Œä¼ ç»Ÿåˆ¶çº¦èˆªç©ºè´§è¿å…¬å¸å‘å±•çš„å¸‚åœºè¥é”€ç½‘ç»œä¸Žè¿è¾“ç½‘ç»œç­‰é—®é¢˜æ²¡æœ‰è§£å†³ï¼Œåˆ™æ–°å…¬å¸ä»ç„¶ä¼šä¸Žå›½é™…å¯¹æ‰‹å­˜åœ¨å¤§çš„å·®è·ï¼Œç”šè‡³å¯èƒ½é™·å…¥å› è§„æ¨¡æ‰©å¤§è€Œå¼•èµ·çš„ç§ç§å›°æ‰°ã€‚â€AMTç ”ç©¶é™¢çš„èµµæ¨ä¹ŸåŒæ„ï¼Œä¸¤èˆªåˆå¹¶åŽçš„æ–°å…¬å¸åº”è¯¥åœ¨æˆç«‹ä¹‹åˆï¼Œå³è€ƒè™‘å¦‚ä½•ä¼˜åŒ–è¥è¿ç»“æž„ï¼Œå’Œæƒ³å‡ºå¦‚ä½•åˆ©ç”¨ä¼˜åŒ–çš„èˆªçº¿æ¥å¼€å‘é«˜é™„åŠ å€¼çš„è´§è¿æœåŠ¡ã€‚

邹建军指出：”è™½ç„¶ä¸­å›½çš„èˆªç©ºè¿è¾“å¸‚åœºæ˜¯ä¸€å—å¤§è›‹ç³•ï¼Œä½†ä¸­å›½å…¬å¸ä¸€å‘ä»¥æ¥éƒ½åªèƒ½åƒå“è´¨å·®çš„é‚£ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†ã€‚â€ä¸»è¦åŽŸå› ä¹ƒæ˜¯ä»–ä»¬çš„æœåŠ¡æ°´å¹³ã€é”€å”®åŠè¿è¾“ç½‘ç»œæ»žåŽæ‰€è‡´ã€‚ä¸­è´§èˆªåœ¨äºšæ´²çš„ä¸»è¦ç«žäº‰å¯¹æ‰‹å¤§éŸ©èˆªç©ºåŒ—äº¬åŠžäº‹å¤„çš„æŽå…ˆç”ŸæŒ‡å‡ºï¼Œå½“å›½èˆªä»ä»¥ç”µè¯æ¥æŸ¥è¯¢è´§ç‰©å½“å‰çš„ä½ç½®æ—¶ï¼Œå¤§éŸ©å’Œå…¶ä»–ä¸€äº›å›½é™…è´§è¿å…¬å¸ï¼Œå·²ç»ç›´æŽ¥é€šè¿‡å‡ ä¹Žè¦†ç›–äº†ä¸–ç•Œä¸Šä»»ä½•åœ°æ–¹çš„ç½‘ç»œï¼ŒåŽ»æ‰¾å‡ºä»Žå®šèˆ±ã€è´§ç‰©å®šä½ã€åˆ°è¾¾æ—¶é—´ç­‰ä¸€ç³»åˆ—çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚ä»–ä»¬ç”šè‡³èƒ½ä¸ºå®¢æˆ·æä¾›ä¸Žå¡è½¦ç´§å¯†æŽ¥è½¨çš„æœåŠ¡ã€‚ä¸­å›½çš„èˆªç©ºå…¬å¸è¦è·³å‡ºä½Žç«¯å¸‚åœºï¼Œä»–ä»¬å¿…é¡»ä½œå‡ºæžœæ–­çš„æ”¹å˜ã€‚

æ­£å¦‚æ±‰èŽŽèˆªç©ºçš„è±ªæ™®ç‰¹æ‰€è®¤ä¸ºï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨åŽ»è°ˆåˆå¹¶åŽçš„ä¸­è´§èˆªä¼šå¦å¯¹åƒä»–ä»¬èˆ¬çš„è´§è¿å·¨å¤´é€ æˆå¨èƒï¼Œç›®å‰å°šè¨€ä¹‹è¿‡æ—©ã€‚ä¸è¿‡ï¼Œå›½è´§èˆªå’Œä¸­è´§èˆªè¿™æ¬¡çš„åˆå¹¶ï¼Œå¾ˆå¯èƒ½ä¸ºä¸­å›½çš„èˆªç©ºè´§è¿ä¸šæ‰“å¼€ä¸€ç‰‡ä¸ä¸€æ ·çš„å¤©ç©ºã€‚

邹建军 中国民航管理干部学院经管系副教授
Zou Jianjun Associate Professor, Civil Aviation Management Institute of China
电话：010-58250580

赵杨 AMTç ”ç©¶ä¸­å¿ƒé«˜çº§å’¨è¯¢é¡¾é—®
Zhao Yang AMT Consulting
电话：010-65305956
ä¼ çœŸï¼š010-65305976
手机 Mobile: 13910877273
地址：北京市朝阳区建国路89号华贸中心16号楼0315室（100025）

曹允春 中国民航学院管理学院航空运输系
Cao Yunchun Professor, Civil Aviation University of China
电话: 022-24092123
手机：13821376260

尼尔斯．豪普特 汉莎航空公关总监
Nils Haupt Director of Corporate Communications, Lufthansa
Lufthansa Cargo AG
FRA F/CI
Gate 25, Building 451
D – 60546 Frankfurt am Main
Telefon: +49-69-69691123
Telefax: +49-69-69691185
nils.haupt@dlh.de
www.lufthansa-cargo.com

丁新康
ä¸­å›½ä¸œæ–¹èˆªç©ºä¼ åª’æœ‰é™å…¬å¸çš„å‰¯æ€»ç»ç†
Ding Xinkang
Shanghai Eastern Aviation Advertising Company Limited
上海中山西路2366号200343

郗岳 Xi Yue

TRANSLATION FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT

A soccer team must unify thought and action to maximize its ability to compete. British business consultant and public speaker Theo Theobald and former president of the British Academy of Management Cary Cooper believe enterprise management is no different. Their book, “The Beautiful Game,”vividly illustrates how winning soccer strategies may be implemented within the workplace — from grassroots-level workshops to the echelons of upper management.

The book is divided into first and second “halves” that strengthen and analyze both “individuals” and “strategy.” In Theobald and Cooper’s view, players (employees) who go it alone are incapable of winning the game (commercial competition) for the team (enterprise). Additionally, professional coaches (managers) should gather teams after the final whistle (project completion) for discussion about how to maintain success or how to defeat their opponents next time. It’s game time–can you hear the roar of the crowd?

–Mu Tong

å‡å¦‚ä½ æ˜¯è¶³çƒé¢†é˜Ÿ
一支足球队必须在思想和行动上达成一致才能发挥最大的战力。英国企业管理顾问及公众演说家西奥•西奥博尔德（Theo Theobald）和英国管理学院前院长卡里•库伯(Cary Cooper)认为企业的管理也不外如此。他们合撰的《完美游戏》（The Beautiful Gameï¼‰æŠŠç»¿èŒµåœºä¸Šçš„è¯¸å¤šæ¯”èµ›ç­–ç•¥ï¼Œé€è¿‡ç”ŸåŠ¨çš„èŒƒä¾‹å¼•ç”³åˆ°ä»ŽåŸºå±‚è½¦é—´åˆ°é¡¶çº§ç®¡ç†è€…çš„å·¥ä½œçŽ¯å¢ƒã€‚å…¨ä¹¦åˆ†ä¸ºâ€œä¸ŠåŠåœºâ€å’Œâ€œä¸‹åŠåœºâ€ï¼Œå¹¶åˆ†åˆ«å¯¹â€œä¸ªä½“â€å’Œâ€œæˆ˜æœ¯â€è¿›è¡Œäº†æŠ€èƒ½åŠ å¼ºå’Œåˆ†æžã€‚åœ¨è¥¿å¥¥åšå°”å¾·å’Œåº“ä¼¯çœ¼é‡Œï¼Œå•æžªåŒ¹é©¬ã€å„è‡ªä¸ºæˆ˜çš„çƒå‘˜ï¼ˆå‘˜å·¥ï¼‰æ˜¯ä¸å¯èƒ½ä¸ºçƒé˜Ÿï¼ˆä¼ä¸šï¼‰åœ¨æ¯”èµ›ï¼ˆå•†ä¸šç«žäº‰ï¼‰ä¸­å–å¾—èƒœåˆ©çš„ã€‚å¦å¤–ï¼Œä½œä¸ºèŒä¸šé¢†é˜Ÿï¼ˆç®¡ç†è€…ï¼‰ï¼Œåœ¨ç»ˆåœºå“¨åŽï¼ˆå·¥ä½œè¿‡åŽï¼‰ä¹Ÿè¯¥å¬é›†å›¢é˜Ÿä¸€èµ·è®¨è®ºï¼Œä»¥æ‰¾å‡ºä¿æŒèƒœåˆ©æˆ–åœ¨ä¸‹æ¬¡ç«žäº‰ä¸­èƒ½å¤Ÿå‡»è´¥å¯¹æ‰‹çš„æ–¹æ³•ã€‚æ¯”èµ›åˆè¦å¼€å§‹äº†â€”â€”å¬åˆ°éœ‡è€³æ¬²è‹çš„å«å–Šå£°äº†å—ï¼Ÿ

—穆童

TRANSLATION FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT

Drug advertisements and the latest products they tout are omnipresent, but are these new drugs better than those previously on the market, and are they really making us healthier? Harvard University senior lecturer Marcia Angell’s “The Truth About the Drug Companies,” reveals the shocking inside story of America’s pharmaceutical companies. During the course of an editorial career that’s spanned more than two decades, Angell, the former editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine, witnessed the transformation of the pharmaceutical industry from an agent of “developing and producing useful medicines” to a “vast marketing machines” in search of profits.

Angell disputes the pharmaceutical companies’ claim that nearly every drug maker relies on public-sponsored research. The top-ten U.S. drug makers, for example, spend as little as 14 percent of their total revenue on R&D. Additionally, many of them manipulate the results of clinical trials and exaggerate the effects of their drugs.

Large scale expenditures on marketing, bribery, government lobbying, and hiring scores of lawyers to protect and extend copyrights are the main causes of today’s high price of prescription drugs — the cost of which eventually falls upon the ill. Through facing a hailstorm of criticism and inflammatory accusations over her controversial work, Angell wants to push for substantive industry reforms, including remodeling clinical trials to be impartial and severing the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and medical education. As China is on the verge of healthcare reform, this book holds many lessons to draw upon.

-Zhou Min

制药业黑幕
è¯å“å¹¿å‘Šé“ºå¤©ç›–åœ°è¢­æ¥ï¼ŒæŽ¨é™ˆå‡ºæ–°çš„è¯å“çœŸçš„æ›´å¥½å’Œèƒ½è®©æˆ‘ä»¬æ›´åŠ å¥åº·ï¼Ÿå“ˆä½›å¤§å­¦é«˜çº§è®²å¸ˆçŽ›è¥¿äºšâ€¢å®‰å‰å°”çš„ã€Šåˆ¶è¯ä¸šçš„çœŸç›¸ã€‹ï¼ˆThe Truth About the Drug Companiesï¼‰æŠŠç¾Žå›½åˆ¶è¯ä¸šçš„è¯¸å¤šæƒŠäººå†…å¹•å±•éœ²åœ¨æˆ‘ä»¬çœ¼å‰ã€‚å®‰å‰å°”æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ã€Šæ–°è‹±æ ¼å…°åŒ»å­¦æ‚å¿—ã€‹çš„å‰æ€»ç¼–è¾‘ã€‚åœ¨20ä½™å¹´çš„ç¼–è¾‘ç”Ÿæ¶¯é‡Œï¼Œå¥¹æ›¾ç›®ç¹è¿‡ä¸å°‘åˆ¶è¯å…¬å¸ä»Žè‚©è´Ÿâ€œç ”å‘å’Œç”Ÿäº§æœ‰ç”¨è¯ç‰©â€çš„ä½¿å‘½çš„æœºæž„å˜è´¨ä¸ºå·¨åž‹çš„å”¯åˆ©æ˜¯å›¾çš„å¸‚åœºè¥é”€æœºå™¨ã€‚å¥¹åœ¨ä¹¦ä¸­æŒ‡å‡ºï¼Œæ‰€æœ‰è¯åŽ‚å‡ ä¹Žéƒ½æ˜¯ä¾èµ–å…¬è´¹èµ„åŠ©è¿›è¡Œç ”ç©¶ã€‚ä»¥ç¾Žå›½åå¤§åˆ¶è¯å…¬å¸ä¸ºä¾‹ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬ä»Šå¤©çš„ç ”å‘è´¹ç”¨ä¹Ÿåªä¸è¿‡æ˜¯å å…¶é”€å”®æ”¶å…¥çš„14%。另外，不少药厂还涉及操纵临床试验结果和夸大药品功效等非正常手段。

é«˜æ¯”ä¾‹çš„å®£ä¼ å¼€é”€ã€è´¿èµ‚ã€æ¸¸è¯´ä¸»ç®¡éƒ¨é—¨å’Œé›‡ç”¨å¤§é‡å¾‹å¸ˆä»¥æ±‚ä¿æŠ¤ä¸“åˆ©æƒç›Šå’Œå»¶é•¿æœŸé™ç­‰ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯é€ æˆä»Šå¤©è¯å“ä»·æ ¼é«˜æ¶¨çš„ä¸»è¦åŽŸå› ã€‚è€Œè¿™äº›æ”¯å‡ºå’Œç»“æžœæœ€ç»ˆéƒ½è½¬å«åˆ°ç—…äººèº«ä¸Šã€‚å®‰å‰å°”è¯•å›¾é€šè¿‡ç›´è¨€æ— è®³çš„æ‰¹è¯„å’Œè€¸äººå¬é—»çš„å†…å¹•ï¼Œä»¥å”¤èµ·åŒ…æ‹¬é‡å¡‘ä¸´åºŠå®žéªŒçš„å…¬æ­£æ€§ã€åˆ‡æ–­åˆ¶è¯å…¬å¸ä¸ŽåŒ»è¯æ•™è‚²é—´çš„è”ç³»ç­‰çš„å®žè´¨å˜é©ã€‚å¯¹æ­£åœ¨æ‘¸ç´¢å‰è¡Œçš„ä¸­å›½åŒ»ç–—åˆ¶åº¦æ”¹é©ï¼Œè¿™ä¹¦å…·æœ‰ä¸å°‘å€¼å¾—å€Ÿé‰´çš„åœ°æ–¹ã€‚

—周敏

TRANSLATION FOR NEWSWEEK SELECT

The first few weeks at a new job can be nerve-racking–especially if it’s your first job. Here are some office etiquette tips from Anita Landau, a consultant of Hudson Recruitment in Shanghai:

*Be punctual. Being on time shows that you respect your company and your job. If you are late, call your superior or working partner as early as possible.
*Shut off your cell phone. Unless it’s an integral part of your job, keep your ringer off while at the office.
*Play it cool. Avoid being overly familiar with superiors, especially in E-mails. Keep messages clear, use standard rules of punctuation, and avoid the urge to insert smiley faces.
*Absolute no-nos. Spitting, smoking and talking loudly in the office should be absolutely avoided.
*Plan ahead. Check with your boss before booking a weekend getaway since, yes, you might have to work sometimes. Welcome to the real real world.

By Xuji

老板，有什么吩咐？
åˆšä¸Šç­çš„å¤´å‡ ä¸ªæ˜ŸæœŸæœ€ä»¤äººç¥žç»ç´§å¼ ï¼Œå°¤å…¶å½“è¿™æ˜¯ä½ ç¬¬ä¸€ä»½çš„å·¥ä½œã€‚ä¸Šæµ·ç¿°å¾·äººåŠ›èµ„æºæœ‰é™å…¬å¸çš„ç¾Žç±é¡¾é—®å®‰å¦®å¡”ä¸ºèŒåœºæ–°ä¸æä¾›äº†ä¸€äº›å¿ å‘Šã€‚

*å®ˆæ—¶ã€‚å‡†æ—¶è¿™æ˜¯å¯¹å…¬å¸å’Œå·¥ä½œçš„ä¸€ç§åŸºæœ¬å°Šé‡ã€‚ä¸‡ä¸€ä½ è¿Ÿåˆ°ï¼Œå°½å¿«çŸ¥ä¼šä½ çš„ä¸Šå¸æˆ–æœ‰å…³çš„åŒäº‹ã€‚
*少听私人电话。除非工作需要，否则请把手提的铃声关上。
*å°å¿ƒæŽªè¾žã€‚åˆ‡å¿Œæ˜¾å¾—ä¸Žä¸Šå¸è¿‡ä»½ç†Ÿç»œï¼Œå°¤å…¶æ˜¯åœ¨ç”µå­é‚®ä»¶ä¸Šã€‚ä¿¡æ¯å¿…éœ€æ¸…æ™°å’Œä½¿ç”¨æ ‡å‡†çš„æ ‡ç‚¹ç¬¦å·ï¼Œå¹¶é¿å…æ’å…¥è¡¨æƒ…ç¬¦å·ã€‚
*办公室大忌。切勿在办室里吐痰、吸烟、大声说话。
*åŠæ—©å®‰æŽ’ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æ‰“ç®—åœ¨å‘¨æœªçŸ­æš‚å¤–å‡ºæ—…æ¸¸ï¼Œæœ€å¥½é¢„æ—©é€šçŸ¥ä½ çš„ä¸Šå¸ã€‚å¯¹ã€‚ä½ æœ‰å¯èƒ½è¦åœ¨å‡æœŸå·¥ä½œã€‚æ¬¢è¿Žæ¥åˆ°èŒåœºè¿™ä¸ªçŽ°å®žä¸–ç•Œã€‚

－徐佶